| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Personality psychology, with its broad definitions of personality, encompasses various approaches, among which is the behaviorist approach. This perspective emphasizes learning and interaction with the environment as key elements in personality development. One of the pioneers of this approach, B.F. Skinner, viewed personality as a set of observable and learned behaviors shaped through reinforcement, conditioning, and other environmental factors.The novel “Two Women in One” by Nawal El Saadawi, a prominent Egyptian feminist writer, explores the journey of a young girl striving to break free from superstitions and attain independence. This study aims to analyze the character of Bahiyah in “Two Women in One” through a descriptive-a nalytical method using B.F. Skinner’s behaviorist theory, with a focus on environmental factors.The findings of this research indicate that components such as operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, superstitious behavior, and verbal stimuli play a decisive role in shaping Bahiyah’s reactions. Operant conditioning demonstrates that Bahiyah’s behaviors are learned and reinforced based on their consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement significantly influence the repetition of dependent behaviors and her attempts to gain attention. Verbal punishments help prevent undesirable behaviors or identity-related questions, gradually guiding Bahiyah toward more acceptable behaviors. Superstitious behaviors lead to a detachment from reality and disrupt her logical evaluation. The component of verbal behavior reveals that language can function as an effective stimulus in shaping behavior. Ultimately, self-regulation of behavior reflects the direct relationship between environmental stimuli and an individual’s behavioral responses. Through her interactions with the environment, Bahiyah learns specific behavioral patterns that mirror the direct influence of external conditions on her psyche. |
| کلیدواژههای انگلیسی مقاله |
Skinner,Behaviorism,Operant conditioning,Nawal El Saadawi,Two Women in,One,Studies in Arabic Narratology |
