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تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی، جلد ۶، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱-۱۶
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| عنوان فارسی |
تحلیل تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در برابر مخاطره زلزله ( مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مریوان) |
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| چکیده فارسی مقاله |
خسارات گسترده مخاطرات به محیط و کالبد سکونتگاه‌های انسانی موجب شده است که مفهوم تاب‌آوری در کاهش آثار سوانح، به حوزه‌ای مهم در عرصه مدیریت بحران تبدیل شود. با توجه به این اهمیت، هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در برابر زلزله در شهرستان مریوان می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل روستاهای ۶ دهستان خاوومیرآباد، زریوار، سرکل، سرشیو، کوماسی و گلچیدر است که خانوارهای نمونه از بین روستاهای این دهستان‌ها و به روش تصادفی طبقه‌بندی شده و ۱۸ روستا به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.برای تعیین حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان استفاده شد و تعداد ۳۱۰ پرسشنامه به صورت تصادفی تکمیل شدند. اعتبار پرسشنامه‌ها با آزمون آلفای کرونبـاخ، 79% به دست آمد. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با آزمون‌های t تک نمونه، کروسکال والیس و تحلیل واریانس انجام شد. علاوه بر این، از روش دیمتل برای تعیین جهت رابطه میان معیارها، با استفاده از ۶ نفر از کارشناسان و از روش تحلیل شبکه‌ای نیز برای وزن‌دهی به معیارها استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که می‌توان روستاهای مورد مطالعه دارای را بافتی با تاب‌آوری پایین به حساب آورد که مهم‌ترین علت آن وضعیت نامناسب عوامل درونی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی می‌باشد از جمله کیفیت پایین ساخت‌و‌ساز و اسکلت نامناسب بناها. .با توجه به نتایج تحلیل واریانس بیشترین تاب‌آوری در دهستان زریوار با میانگین ۲.۹۹ و کمترین تاب‌آوری مربوط به دهستان خاوومیرآباد با میانگین ۱.۸۷ می‌باشد. در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در سطح دهستان‌های شهرستان مریوان در سطح بسیار پایینی است. |
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| کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله |
تاب‌آوری، سکونتگاه‌های روستایی، زلزله، شهرستان مریوان. |
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| عنوان انگلیسی |
Analysis of Rural Settlements Resilience against Earthquake (Case Study: Marivan County) |
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| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Analysis of Rural Settlements Resilience against Earthquake
Case Study: Marivan County
Iran is a seismic prone country located over the Himalayan-Alpine seismic belt. Striking earthquakes during the past years and decades are strong proofs for vulnerability of rural areas in this country; loss of lives, damage to buildings, even demolishing villages have been experienced in Iran rural areas. All these fatal effects are evidences to make villages more resilience and strengthen their structures because in the case of vulnerable structures, earthquake can be tremendously destructive. Therefore, losses of live and property can be avoided through making resilience rural social, economic and physical structure like construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake. Making villages resilience are directly related to saving rural residents lives and their property. Briefly, reaching or maintaining rural areas capacities to an acceptable level are the main purpose of this study by analyzing mentioned structures. This study conducted in Marivan rural settlements which exposed to earthquake.
According to Morgan Table, 310 samples responded to the questionnaires. The samples of this study were selected by chance from 6 districts and 18 villages. The main methods for analysis of collected data were Dimatel, ANP and Statictical analysis by SPSS. The results of ANP and Dimatel analyses led to the determination of relation among the factors. It should be noted we used Delfi method for this part. Moreover, for the final part ANOVA analysis is used by the authors.
All around the world, countries have different approaches to deal with hazards in order to mitigate fatal affects. In fact, the goal of all management practices is to reduce hazard impacts. Iran faces a variety of hazards because of placing in a special geographical position; in this regard earthquake is the most important one. Resiliency approach can improve the flexibility of rural settlements through strengthen the capabilities of them and reduce their vulnerability. In the present study, analysis of rural settlements resilience against earthquake has been investigated. The results show that the resiliency is lower than the average in the studied villages. Also, there was a significant difference among the studied villages in terms of the resiliency against earthquake. The findings are consistent with the results of Nouri and Sepahvand in 2016 and Rezaei et al., in 2014.
Considering the analysis of data and ANP analysis of the internal and external factors in a general and separate way, the studied villages of Marivan city can be considered as non-resilience structures; in this regard, the most important reason is the inappropriate condition in the internal factors of rural settlements. The poor quality of construction and the inadequate structure of buildings must be considered, as well. Another obvious reason is the existence of eroded texture in this area. According to external factors, relief does not cover rural areas and led to reduce the resilience of rural settlements. Investigating the resilience of rural settlements based on external factors not only indicates the inappropriate situation of rural structure in this analysis, but also it proves a more favorable situation than internal factors. The findings show that structure and the amount of structure confinement in decrease the tissue texture of rural settlements play a profound role; changing these factors requires a long time and long-term planning. Regarding the post hoc test, variance analysis suggests the highest resiliency in Zarivar with an average of 2.99 and the lowest survival rate in KhavumirAbad rural district with an average of 1.87. Moreover, according to the one-sample T-Test, the socio-cultural dimension with a mean of 3.05 has the best situation in terms of resiliency against earthquake in the studied villages. For improving resiliency in the studied villages, authors’ suggests are including: managing and organizing preparation measures and response along with effective actions to reduce the risks of earthquake and providing a crisis management department; strengthen scientific and research studies to identify and reduce the risks; applying the rules to retrofit the buildings and increasing the safety factors in new construction; mapping the vulnerabilities in rural areas; increasing people participation and preparing them to deal with an emergency situation caused by an earthquake.
Keywords: Resiliency, Rural Settlements, Earthquake, Marivan County
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| کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله |
Resiliency, Rural Settlements, Earthquake, Marivan County |
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| نویسندگان مقاله |
سیدعلی بدری | Seyed Ali Badri
University of Tehran
دانشگاه تهران
حسین کریم زاده | Hossain Karimzadeh
University of Tabriz
دانشگاه تبریز
سیما سعدی | Sima Saadi
niversity of Tabriz
دانشگاه تبریز
نسرین کاظمی | Nasrin Kazemi
University of Tehran
دانشگاه تهران
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| نشانی اینترنتی |
http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-45-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 |
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| کد مقاله (doi) |
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| زبان مقاله منتشر شده |
fa |
| موضوعات مقاله منتشر شده |
تخصصی |
| نوع مقاله منتشر شده |
کاربردی |
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